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- Professor and Chairman
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- The University of Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Houston, Texas
Mutiple biopsy sites can increase immunohistochemical reagents or subjected to in situ hybridiza- the diagnostic yield in some cases cholesterol foods list high and low buy simvastatin 40 mg online. Formalin-fixed tissue is probably the most versatile way the pathologist is ideally one who is qualified as an ophthal- to preserve a small specimen cholesterol eating chart simvastatin 40 mg cheap. The main reason to consult with the pathologist proteins than 95% ethyl alcohol serum cholesterol ratio uk quality simvastatin 20 mg, which would negate further beforehand is to make sure that the specimen is handled prop- staining with immunohistochemical reagents cholesterol levels mmol/l order simvastatin 40 mg. Glutaraldehyde erly, both by the surgeon, who must decide to submit the speci- and paraformaldehye is used if electron microscopy is planned, men fresh or in a variety of fixatives depending on the planned but situations in which it is necessary are few, mainly confirma- analyses, and by the pathologist. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy may benefit from prior arrangement so that the cytopathologist can Selected Readings review the specimen intraoperatively to confirm that adequate 1. Finally, warning a pathologist that Surgical Management of Intraocular Inflammation and Infec- his or her lab will be receiving a minute specimen may help pre- tion. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of aqueous and vitreous specimens in the diag- nosis of posterior segment infectious uveitis. The diagnostic utility of anterior chamber paracentesis with poly- merase chain reaction in anterior uveitis. Other adverse events were generally reported at rates lower than 10% in both groups. These results indicate that long-term continuous control of Macular Edema noninfectious posterior uveitis can be accomplished with an Resolution of macular edema was reported at 12 months in office-based intravitreal injection. Percentage of subjects with resolution (scores of zero) of anterior chamber cells at Week 24 was a. Vitreous detachment cataracts subcapsular, and cataracts nuclear) was comparable in both arms, with 7. Tolerance / Regulatory T Lymphocytes (2018) 2018 Subspecialty Day | Uveitis Financial Disclosure 85 Financial Disclosure the Academy has a profound duty to its members, the larger Financial Relationship Disclosure medical community, and the public to ensure the integrity of For purposes of this disclosure, a known financial relationship all of its scientific, educational, advocacy, and consumer infor- is defined as any financial gain or expectancy of financial gain mation activities and materials. Where such conflicts or perceived even if they have not been exercised or they are not cur- conflicts exist, they must be appropriately and fully disclosed rently exercisable; and resolved. A commercial company is any entity producing, marketing, reselling, or distributing Description of Financial Interests health-care goods or services consumed by, or used on, Category Code Description patients. Updates to the disclosure information file should be cial company made whenever there is a change. At the time of submission of a Journal article or materials for an educational activity or nomi- Equity owner O Equity ownership/stock options nation to a leadership position, each Contributor should specifi- (publicly or privately traded cally review his/her statement on file and notify the Academy of firms, excluding mutual funds) any changes to his/her financial disclosures. Any financial relationship that may constitute a conflict of interest Grant support S Grant support from all sources will be resolved prior to the delivery of the activity. When the immune system does not function properly, a number of diseases can occur. Allergies and increased hypersensitivity to certain substances are considered immune system disorders. An autoimmune disorder occurs when the immune system attacks its own healthy cells. Autoimmune disorders are seen more often in women than men, and are also seen more frequently in certain populations. For example, lupus is more common in African-American and Hispanic women than in Caucasian women of European ancestry. Rhematoid arthritis and scleroderma affect a higher percentage of Native Americans than the general U. Multifactorial inheritance means that "many factors" are involved in causing a health problem. A combination of genes from both parents, in addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or condition. Multifactorial traits do recur in families because they are partly caused by genes. The environmental factors are generally thought to trigger an immune response to certain environmental influences such as viral infections or sunlight. Once an autoimmune disease is present in a family, other relatives may be at risk to develop the same autoimmune disease, or a different autoimmune disease. For example, a mother may have rheumatoid arthritis, and one of her siblings may develop lupus. Genes and family history are not the only factors involved in determining who will get an autoimmune disease. In other words, if autoimmune diseases are in your family, it does not automatically mean that all relatives will develop one of these conditions. Risks for Developing Autoimmune Disorders the table below gives examples of autoimmune disorders and risks for developing these disorders depending on your family history. Autosomal dominant inheritance (50% recurrence risk) has been reported, Dermatitis herpetiformis however, females are more often affected than males. Some studies show autosomal Pemphigus vulgaris dominant inheritance with up to 50% recurrence risk. Clusters in families with other Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis autoimmune disorders; recurrence risks not specified. Females are 2-3 times more likely to be affected than males; risk for parents and siblings of an affected individual is Rheumatoid Arthritis about 2-4. First degree relatives = parents, siblings, children Second degree relatives = aunts/uncles, nieces/nephews, grandparents Additional Information Additional information about autoimmune diseases can be found at Medline Plus:. This paper aims to find the areas of agreement, determine the areas of disagreement and to compile a useable list of possible symptoms of children who have been sexually abused. Often these lists are similar to lists of symptoms of children undergoing emotional trauma, such as divorce of the parents or moving to a new city. Our aim is to compile a list of common symptoms of childhood trauma and to isolate symptoms that are specific to school-age victims of child sexual abuse or child molestation who are six to twelve years of age. While the figures vary, an average of them indicates that one out of every three girls and one out of every five boys will be sexually abused before they reach age eighteen (The Advocacy Center, "The Facts About Youth Sexual Abuse". Keywords: child sexual abuse, symptoms, victim, school-age children, child molestation, inappropriate touching, sexual predator, reporting child abuse Sexual Abuse Symptoms in School-Aged Children this paper surveys the literature on child sexual abuse and the indicators and symptoms in school-age children. Although there are many studies correlating the sexual victimization of children with problems later in adult life, these will not be considered, as not pertinent to the school program. While in general, society likes to think that child molestation is a relatively rare occurrence, the statistics show quite the contrary. Moreover, the statistics are probably lower than reality due to the failure of so many child victims to tell an adult. While the figures vary, an average of them indicates that one out of every three girls and one out of every five boys will be sexually abused 1 before they reach age eighteen. Moreover, children are still taught about stranger danger but 90% of child 2 sexual abuse victims know the perpetrator in some way and 68% are abused by a family member. Moreover, this is an issue for the primary 4 schools, as 20% of child sexual abuse victims are under the age of eight and most never tell. Children experience abuse at every socioeconomic level, across ethnic lines, cultural lines, religious lines and at all perpetrator levels 5 of education. We would like to believe that life is like the happy children in books, but that is just not the case. Children can be sexually molested by college graduates as well as by high school dropouts; by married, single, divorced and those in common law relationships; by the rich as well as by the impoverished; by perpetrators who practice every religion, even by the 6 devout; and by people of every race and every ethnic background. We will consider what can be done by teachers when they are faced with possible indicators of child sexual abuse and what they must do under the law. Definition Child sexual abuse or molestation takes place when an adult, adolescent or another child, usually older or bigger than the victim, exposes the child to sexually oriented pictures or photos (pornography), initiates undesired touching with sexual overtones, or attempts intercourse, fallatio or cunilingus, or voyeurism with the child victim, or using objects to penetrate an orifice of the child. For the purposes of this paper, the words child sexual abuse and child molest will be used interchangeably. When introduced to sex prematurely children are essentially robbed of their childhood years. Different Types of Child Sexual Abuse According to an Australian study by Goldman and Goldman, 82% of their sample reported some kind of sexual experience with another person before the age of thirteen, with 60% being with other children. Over 90% of abusers were men, the girls experiencing mainly heterosexual advances. Twenty-four 8 percent of abusers were strangers compared with 76% known to the children.
Bipolar transurethral resection in saline-an alternative surgical treatment for bladder outlet obstruction healthy delicious cholesterol lowering foods 5mg simvastatin sale. The efficacy of terazosin for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicentre clinical trial cholesterol comes from which source order simvastatin once a day. Effect of urethral compliance on the steady state p-Q relationships assessed with a mechanical analog of the male lower urinary tract xanax cholesterol trusted simvastatin 40 mg. A truncated precursor form of prostate-specific antigen is a more specific serum marker of prostate cancer cholesterol levels shrimp order simvastatin 40 mg amex. A precursor form of prostate-specific antigen is more highly elevated in prostate cancer compared with benign transition zone prostate tissue. Tumor-associated forms of prostate specific antigen improve the discrimination of prostate cancer from benign disease. Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: latest update on alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Update on the use of dutasteride in the management of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma-is tumor size a suitable parameter for indication. Cooled thermotherapy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: durability of results obtained with the Targis System. Atorvastatin treatment for men with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic enlargement. Studies of the pathophysiology of idiopathic detrusor instability: the physiological properties of the detrusor smooth muscle and its pattern of innervation. Transition zone volume measurement-is it useful before surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate-specific antigen and transition zone index - powerful predictors for acute urinary retention in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The importance of prostatic measuring by transrectal ultrasound in surgical management of patients with clinically benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prediction of alpha- blocker response in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia by magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical characteristics of alpha-blocker responders in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urinary bladder involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: with review of the literature. Production of serum-free and total prostate-specific antigen due to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Diagnostic accuracy of percent free prostate-specific antigen in prostatic pathology and its usefulness in monitoring prostatic cancer patients. Transurethral resection versus minimally invasive treatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of treatments. Pressure- flow studies in men with benign prostatic hypertrophy before and after treatment with transurethral needle ablation. Our experience in left internal vein ligature for symptomatic varicocele and in circumcision. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate: a case report with immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization staining for prostate-specific antigen. Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia and its impact on sexual function. Benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line viability and modulation of jm-27 by doxazosin and Ibuprofen. Correlation between detrusor collagen content and urinary symptoms in patients with prostatic obstruction. Expression of cystatins, high molecular weight cytokeratin, and proliferation markers in prostatic adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia. Does intraprostatic inflammation have a role in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. To what extent do real life practice studies differ from randomized controlled trials in lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia. Preservation of glomerular filtration rate on dialysis when adjusted for patient dropout. Efficacy of tolterodine in preventing urge incontinence immediately after prostatectomy. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a marker of renal function in children with chronic kidney disease. Vesicourethral function in diabetic patients: association of abnormal nerve conduction velocity with vesicourethral dysfunction. Persistent detrusor overactivity after transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with reduced perfusion of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathological study of bladder cancer associated with upper urinary tract cancer. Serum level of cathepsin B and its density in men with prostate cancer as novel markers of disease progression. Ultrasonic measurement of bladder weight as a possible predictor of acute urinary retention in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3/prostate- specific antigen ratio is a useful predictive marker in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Expression of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thymidine phosphorylase, and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase in prostate cancer. Prognostic role of prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume for the risk of invasive therapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia initially managed with alpha1-blockers and watchful waiting. Prostate-specific antigen as an estimator of prostate volume in the management of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Post-void residual urine volume is not a good predictor of the need for invasive therapy among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Polymorphisms in the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene do not modify the short- and long-term efficacy of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The effect of labeling on perceived ability to recover from acute illnesses and injuries. Diagnostic utility of a p63/alpha-methyl-CoA-racemase (p504s) cocktail in atypical foci in the prostate. High prevalence of patients with a high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome after kidney transplantation-association with declining renal function. Crossover comparison study on the therapeutic effects of tamsulosin hydrochloride and naftopidil in lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride 5 mg and sexual side effects: how many of these are related to a nocebo phenomenon. Urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 levels correlate with bladder outlet obstruction. Urodynamic predictors of outcomes with photoselective laser vaporization prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and preoperative retention. Urodynamic predictors of outcomes with photoselective laser vaporization prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and preoperative retention. Assessment of live kidney donors by magnetic resonance angiography: reliability and impact on outcomes. Renal glomerular response to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis and protein loading after the relief of unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Immunohistochemical expression of pi class glutathione S-transferase in the basal cell layer of benign prostate tissue following chronic treatment with finasteride. Review of phosphodiesterases in the urogenital system: new directions for therapeutic intervention. Holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection of the prostate: results from a 2-center, prospective, randomized trial in patients with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with tissue morcellation: initial United States experience. Antidiuretic hormone in elderly male patients with severe nocturia: a circadian study. Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: results from a population-based cohort study in Brazil.
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Note that change sign even though we have constructed this with two fractions cholesterol in cell membrane buy simvastatin in united states online, the design is run in one randomization cholesterol vs hdl ratio buy simvastatin 40 mg low price. The factor- level combinations and columns of pluses and minuses for the main effects are in the top half of Table 18 new research on cholesterol in eggs discount simvastatin online american express. In the bottom half cholesterol lowering foods vegan buy simvastatin pills in toronto, we reverse all the signs from above to produce the second half of the design. There are 105 four-factor, 280 six-factor, 435 eight-factor, 168 ten-factor, and 35 twelve-factor aliases of I in this fold-over design, a complete enumeration of which you will be spared. In particular, one thing that makes fractional factorials attractive is the ability to run fractions in sequence. For example, suppose you have six factors that you wish to explore, and 6−1 money for 32 experimental units. If three or fewer factors are active, then you have a money replicated complete factorial in those three factors (projection of a fraction). If more factors are active—in particular if A, B, C, and E or B, C, D, and F are active—we can always use the remaining 16 units to run an additional Use results of first fraction, and we can choose that fraction to break aliases that appear trouble- fraction to select some in the first fraction. The combined quarter-fractions are as good as the later fractions original half-fraction (except for a single degree of freedom between the two blocks), because we can choose our second quarter-fraction after seeing the first. Thus by using a sequence of fractions, you can often learn everything you need to learn with fewer units; and if you cannot, you can use the first fraction to guide your choice of subsequent fraction for remaining units. Sequences of fractions make sense when each experiment is of short du- ration so that running experiments in sequence is feasible. If each experiment Sequences need takes months to complete (for example, many agronomy experiments), then quick turnaround a sequence of fractions is a poor choice of design. Three-series factorials are confounded into 3, 9, 27, and other powers of three blocks, so three-series can be fractioned into fractions of one third, one ninth, and so on. Recall that the factor levels in a three-series are represented by the digits 0, 1, or 2, and that all degrees of freedom are partitioned into two-degree- of-freedom bundles. The bundles are obtained by splitting the factor-level combinations according to their values on a defining split L. For example, 490 Fractional Factorials A fraction is a the defining split A1B1C2 separates the factor-level combinations into three single block from groups according to a confounded three-series L = 1 × xA + 1 × xB + 2 × xC mod 3, where xA, xB, and xC are the the levels of factors A, B, and C; L takes the values 0, 1, or 2. The factor-level combinations that have value 0 for the defining split(s) form the principal block, and all others are alternate blocks. In a 2k−q factorial, every degree of freedom has 2q names, and every ef- fect is aliased to 2q − 1 other effects. In a 3k−1, the constant is aliased to a two-degree-of- 3k−1 aliases freedom split (the generator); all other two-degree-of-freedom bundles have come in threes three names, and all other splits are aliased to two other splits. Using two generators W1 and W2, the aliases 3k−2 aliases of I are W, W, W W, and W W 2. Which generator is labeled one or two 1 2 1 2 1 2 come in nines does not matter, because W W 2 = W 2W after reducing exponents modulo 1 2 1 2 3 and making the leading nonzero exponent a 1. The aliases of any other split P are P W, P W, P W W, P W W 2, P W 2, P W 2, P W 2W 2, and 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 P W 2W. The constant is aliased to 1 + 3 + · · · + 3q−1 two-degree- q i1 i2 iq of-freedom splits; these splits aliased to I are of the form W1 W2 · · · Wq where the exponents are 0, 1, or 2, and the first nonzero exponent is a 1. All General 3k−q other two-degree-of-freedom bundles have 3q names, and all other splits are aliasing aliased to 3q − 1 other splits. The aliases of a split P are products of the form i1 i2 iq q P W1 W2 · · · Wq, where the exponents ij are allowed to range over all 3 combinations of 0, 1, and 2. Resolution in the 3k−q is the same as in the two-series: a fractional facto- rial has resolution R if no interaction of j factors is aliased to an interaction Design resolution of fewer than R − j factors. And again like the two-series, the resolution of a 3k−q is the number of letters in the shortest alias of I. Construct a full factorial in A and B, and then set the levels of C according to the A1B2 Add levels of interaction; this will generate the fraction. Consider the following table: aliased factors to embedded 00 0 01 2 02 1 factorial 10 1 11 0 12 2 20 2 21 1 22 0 the pairs of digits form a complete 32 design, and the single digits are the values of 1 × xA + 2 × xB mod 3, 492 Fractional Factorials the A1B2 interaction. Group the triples together, and we have the principal fraction of a 33−1 with Add 1 or 2 to get generator A1B2C2. If we want an alternate fraction, use alternate fraction 1 × xA + 2 × xB + 1 mod 3 or 1 × xA + 2 × xB + 2 mod 3 to generate the levels of C. Here are some common pitfalls that you must try to avoid when using fractional factorials. During the design stage, you can make your fractional factorial too large or too small. A design that is too small tries to estimate too many effects for the number of experimental units used; this is called Choose fraction oversaturation. Designs that are too small tend to be limited in how you can size carefully estimate error, because all the degrees of freedom are tied up in interesting effects, and resolution tends to be small. Designs that are too large are being wasteful of resources; you may be able to estimate all terms of interest with a smaller design. Fractional designs have smaller sample sizes and thus less power for a given set of effects and error variance. All of these design issues depend on having at least some prior knowledge or belief of how the system works. In the analysis stage, the most obvious problem is dealing incorrectly with aliasing. Finally, outliers and Check aliasing missing data tend to cause more problems for fractional factorials than com- and watch for bad plete factorials. In the complete data two-series, an outlier can sometimes be detected by a pattern of smallish ef- fects of about the same size, usually high-order interactions. In the fraction, many degrees of freedom have a main effect or low-order interaction in their 18. On-line means on the produc- Goal of off-line tion line ; on-line quality control includes inspection of manufactured parts quality control is to make sure that they meet specifications. Off-line quality control is off the to make products production line; this includes designing the product and manufacturing pro- on target with cess so that the product will meet specifications when manufactured. The minimum variation explicit goal is to have the product on target, with minimum variation around the target. On- line quality control will include inspection of the cut tubing and rejection of those tubes out of specification. Off-line quality control designs the tube cutting process so that the average tube length is 2. Off-line quality control has become quite the rage under the banner of Taguchi methods, named for Genechi Taguchi, the Japanese statistician who developed and advocated the methods. The principle of off-line quality Taguchi methods control is to put a product on target with minimum variation. This princi- ple is absolutely golden, but the exact methods Taguchi recommended for achieving this have flaws and inefficiencies in both design and analysis (see Box, Bisgaard, and Fung 1988 or Pignatiello and Ramberg 1991). What we discuss here is very much in the spirit of Taguchi, but the analysis approach is closer to Box (1988). For the exhaust tubes, design parameters include the speed at which tubing moves down the line, the air pressure for tubing clamps, cutting saw speed, the type of sensor for recognizing the end of a tube, and so on. Manufacturing processes also have uncontrol- lable aspects, including variation in raw materials and environmental varia- 494 Fractional Factorials Inner noise tion such as temperature and humidity. Some of these uncontrollables can controllable, actually be controlled under laboratory or testing conditions. Taguchi uses outer noise the term inner noise for variation that arises from changes in the control- uncontrollable lable parameters and the term outer noise for variation due to the uncon- trollable parameters. This variances implies that we need experiments that can study both means and variances. We are also explicitly considering the possibility that the variance will not be constant, so we will need some form of replication at all design points to allow us to estimate the variances separately. Replicated two- and three-series factorials are the basic designs for off- line quality control. From these we can estimate mean responses as usual, and replication allows us to estimate the variance at each factor-level com- Use replicated bination as well. There are often ten to fifteen or more factors identified as fractional potentially important. A complete factorial with this many factors would be factorials prohibitively large, so off-line quality control designs are frequently highly- fractioned factorials, but with replication.
Proteomic analysis of voided urine after prostatic massage from patients with prostate cancer: a pilot study cholesterol in fried shrimp buy discount simvastatin 40mg. Dysregulated expression of S100A11 (calgizzarin) in prostate cancer and precursor lesions high cholesterol chart usa generic 20 mg simvastatin visa. Promoter hyper-methylation of calcium binding proteins S100A6 and S100A2 in human prostate cancer cholesterol test frequency simvastatin 5mg otc. Extraperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy (adenomectomy) for obstructing benign prostatic hyperplasia: transvesical and transcapsular (Millin) techniques cholesterol test tips buy simvastatin 10 mg without a prescription. High power (80 W) potassium- titanyl-phosphate laser vaporization of the prostate in 66 high risk patients. What is the optimal time of surgical intervention after an acute attack of sigmoid diverticulitis: early or late elective laparoscopic resection. Electrophysiological assessment of sensations arising from the bladder: are there objective criteria for subjective perceptions. Urodynamic evaluation in children with lipomeningocele: timing for neurosurgery, spinal cord tethering and followup. Rapid onset of action with alfuzosin 10 mg once daily in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Laparoscopic adenectomy: a novel technique for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia. Inherent high peritoneal transport and ultrafiltration deficiency: their mid-term clinical relevance. Does anticholinergic medication have a role for men with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia either alone or in combination with other agents. Urinary tract infection in infants and children: an update with special regard to the changing role of reflux. Acupuncture reflexotherapy in the treatment of sensory urgency that persists after transurethral resection of the prostate: a preliminary report. Immunohistochemical localization of the retinoic Acid receptors in human prostate. Combined cystolithotomy and transurethral resection of prostate: best management of infravesical obstruction and massive or multiple bladder stones. Pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor-alpha transduction pathway in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of tamsulosin and finasteride in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Early evaluation of hematuria in a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy and detection of malignancy. Renal enlargement in the fetus and newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a refuted hypothesis. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy of the prostate without intravenous sedation: results of a single United States center using both low- and high- energy protocols. Dimensional and hemodynamic differences between native and transplanted kidneys, evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography. Clinical characterization of the prostatitis patient in Italy: a prospective urology outpatient study. Piezoelectric shockwave lithotripsy of urinary calculi: comparative study of stone depth in kidney and ureter treatments. Androgen receptor gene polymorphisms and increased risk of urologic measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Polymorphisms in genes involved in sex hormone metabolism may increase risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and urologic measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A population- based study of daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and prostate cancer. Limitations of using outcomes in the placebo arm of a clinical trial of benign prostatic hyperplasia to quantify those in the community. Focused ultrasound ablation of renal and prostate cancer: current technology and future directions. Behaviour of the human bladder during natural filling: the Newcastle experience of ambulatory monitoring and conventional artificial filling cystometry. Optimal dosing of intravenous tacrolimus following pediatric heart transplantation. Correlation between ultrasound and anatomical findings in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction in the first half of pregnancy. Expression of adrenomedullin and peptide amidation activity in human prostate cancer and in human prostate cancer cell lines. Assessing the clinical impact of prostate-specific antigen assay variability and nonequimolarity: a simulation study based on the population of the United Kingdom. Magnetic stimulation of sacral roots for assessing the efferent neuronal pathways of lower urinary tract. Alfuzosin 10 mg once daily prevents overall clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia but not acute urinary retention: results of a 2-year placebo-controlled study. Alfuzosin: overview of pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a clinically uroselective alpha-blocker. Efficacy and safety of once-daily alfuzosin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The potential of serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of clinical response in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Efficacy and tolerability of the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in African-American men. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comparative, international overview. Efficacy and safety of a dual inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 (dutasteride) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Sustained decrease in incidence of acute urinary retention and surgery with finasteride for 6 years in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The effects of transurethral needle ablation and resection of the prostate on pressure flow urodynamic parameters: analysis of the United States randomized study. Incidence and risk reduction of long-term outcomes: a comparison of benign prostatic hyperplasia with several other disease areas. Effects of finasteride on serum testosterone and body mass index in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Long-term sustained improvement in symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia with the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride: results of 4-year studies. Efficacy and safety of dutasteride in the four-year treatment of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Storage (irritative) and voiding (obstructive) symptoms as predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression and related outcomes. The benign prostatic hyperplasia registry and patient survey: study design, methods and patient baseline characteristics. A double-blind placebo- controlled study evaluating the onset of action of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Alpha1-adrenergic receptors and their inhibitors in lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Safety and efficacy of alfuzosin 10 mg once-daily in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a pooled analysis of three double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Diagnostic effect of an improved preembedding method of prostate needle biopsy specimens. Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity with lower urinary tract symptoms in older American men: findings from the third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. Concordance rates and modifiable risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms in twins. Re: Body size and serum levels of insulin and leptin in relation to the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Association between serum concentrations of micronutrients and lower urinary tract symptoms in older men in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations of obesity with lower urinary tract symptoms and noncancer prostate surgery in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Increased oxidative stress with gene alteration in urinary bladder urothelium after the Chernobyl accident. Acute urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in a 23-year-old patient.